Low turnout, outcry over rising insecurity, and calls for political tolerance highlighted this year's Madaraka Day celebrations in the 47 counties across the country.
A spot check established that most Kenyans and elected leaders, including a section of the governors, gave the celebration a wide berth.
In Mombasa, County Commissioner Mohamed Nur announced the arrest of nine suspects from gangs targeting bank customers after cash withdrawals.
Addressing members of the public at Joho Stadium in Mombasa during the Makadara Day celebration, Nur said that eight vehicles used by the gangs have also been impounded.
