Wednesday night rains washed away the stench of pungent tear gas across several towns, but the devastation and trauma caused by hours of confrontation remains.

As hundreds of families and businesses count their losses and police commanders, protesters and policymakers go back to the drawing board, the nation is left wondering anxiously, what can be done to stop further loss of life and property in future?

While the full impact is still unfolding, the broad human cost of police brutality and violence by some protesters is already clear.

The Kenyan National Commission on Human Rights have confirmed 19 deaths from gun shots, over 500 injuries among protesters, bystanders and police officers and at least six incidents of rape and sexual assault as of yesterday.