If you have driven on roads across Kenya-whether on highways or rural stretches-you have likely noticed features such as rail guards along the edges, sudden curves, oddly placed centre barriers, or unusual junctions.

At first glance, these elements may appear random, but they are not.

Most road designs are the result of extensive engineering, safety studies, and traffic behaviour analysis.

In this article, we break down the logic behind the road layouts you see every day but rarely stop to question.